2017年高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)

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▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)

將來完成時(shí)是用在表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間連用，也可與before或by the time短語引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。

狀態(tài)已完成：表示某事持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。并在將來完成。

動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)對(duì)動(dòng)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

shall（第一人稱）will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done）。

即在以下情況下可以用將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)而不用將來完成時(shí)：

1)動(dòng)作本身就是連續(xù)的：

By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years．

到了月底他在這里居住/工作/學(xué)習(xí)就滿十年了。

2) 一種經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作被表示為連續(xù)的動(dòng)作：By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years．

到了這個(gè)月底他馴馬/登山就滿 20年了。

但是如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目，或用任何方式把動(dòng)作分割為一次又一次的動(dòng)作，就必須用將來完成時(shí)：

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains．

到本月底，他馴服的馬就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。

將來完成時(shí)用來表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)的例句

a. 狀態(tài)已完成：表示某事持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。并在將來完成。

b. 動(dòng)作已完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)對(duì)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的影響。

例：a：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們倆結(jié)婚就滿20年了。

b: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你就到上海了。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)的用法

1.表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作，并往往對(duì)將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。

例：{1}Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then.

早上8點(diǎn)鐘你來接我，到時(shí)我已經(jīng)吃完早飯了。

{2}We shall（will） have learned 12 units by the end of this term.

到這個(gè)學(xué)期末，我們將學(xué)完12個(gè)單元。

{3}By the time you get home， I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。

2.表示推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于"must have done"結(jié)構(gòu)。

例：{1}You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。

{2}I am sure that he will have got the information. 我相信他一定會(huì)得到這個(gè)信息。

3.表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時(shí)間。

例：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿1年了。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)的重要考點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by + 將來時(shí)間 ，如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導(dǎo)的從句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.

By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)與將來完成的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài)，過去完成時(shí)則以過去時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“過去”某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“過去”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài)，將來完成時(shí)則以將來時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“將來”某一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“將來”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài)。如：

He has finished writing his novel. 他已寫完了他的小說。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就寫完他的小說。

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就會(huì)寫完他的小說了。

與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)一樣，在表示時(shí)間或者條件的狀語從句，通常要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來表示將來完成時(shí)，而不能直接使用將來完成時(shí)。如：

I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。

若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(且不致于引起歧義)，有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)的練習(xí)題

練習(xí)題

1. By the summer, Elizabeth______ here for ten years .

A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked

2. I. hope you______ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow

A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten .

3. No sooner_______ than the accident happened.

A. he had gone B. had he gone C. his going D. he went

4. Hardly______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A. they had got to the bus stop B. had they got to the bus stop

C. did they get to the bus stop D. they got to the bus stop

5. Mother doesn't know much time I have spent in watching TV; if she ever found out ,I'm sure_______.

A. she'd never forgive me B. she never forgive me

C. she'll never forgive me D. she does never forgive me

6. As soon as he______ his error, Rockfeller made the necessary corrections to his data collected.

A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. had discovered

7. I _______meeting you ever since we parted.

A. was looking forward to B. have been looking forward to

C. had been looking forward to D. looked forward to

8． Where have you been What _____

A. did you do B. have you been doing C. have made D. were you doing

9. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she _____.

A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated

10. When you come tonight at eight o’clock, I _____ eight lessons.

A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing

11. “Are Alice and Tom still living in New York” “No, they _____ to Dallas.”

A. are just moved B. have just moved C. had just moved D. will just move

12. I haven’t heard from Maria_____.

A. since a long time B. for many months ago

C. for many months D. since many months before

13. His grandfather ______ for thirty years.

A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died

14． Its (high) time you _____ a holiday.

A. had B. have C. will have D. have had

15. By the time Juan gets home, his aunt _____ for Puerto Rico.

A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left

16. All the machines ____ by the end of the following week.

A. were repaired B. will be repaired C. have been repaired D will have been repaired

17. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)的答案

答案

1.C 將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。 By 指：到什么時(shí)間為止。

2.D 將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。 tomorrow 表示將來， get the instructions （指令，指示）這個(gè)動(dòng)作在我回來之前已經(jīng)完成。

3.B “no sooner……than……”( 剛 …… 就 ……) ，在 no sooner 這部分應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去完成時(shí)， than 后面用一般過去時(shí)。 A ， B 都是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，怎么選擇 No sooner 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒裝語序，所以選 B 。

4.B hardly……when……( 一 …… 就 ……) ， hardly 后應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去完成時(shí)， when 后面用一般過去時(shí)。 hardly 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒裝語序，所以選 B 。

5.A 過去將來時(shí)態(tài)。 Forgive 原諒， She’d 相當(dāng)于： she would. 媽媽不知道我看電視花費(fèi)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如果她知道的話，我相信她將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒我。

6.D 過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在糾正數(shù)據(jù)那個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，而改正數(shù)據(jù)的動(dòng)作用的是過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以，發(fā)生在過去的過去的動(dòng)作就用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 error 錯(cuò)誤。 correction 改正，是名詞。 data 數(shù)據(jù)。

7.B 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。表示渴望見你這個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在以至于將來。 look forward to 渴望，想要 …… 。 ever since 自從 …… 。

8.B 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。通過上下句來識(shí)別時(shí)態(tài)。

9.D 將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。 by the end of next summer 為信號(hào)詞。

10.C 將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Review 溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)。

11.B 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。說話的時(shí)候，他已搬走。

12.C 我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)月沒有 Maria 的消息了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)， for 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語。

13.C 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。他的祖父已經(jīng)去世三十年了。這里死亡表示一種狀態(tài)，而不能理解為一種動(dòng)作，因?yàn)樗劳鍪且粋€(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞，它不可能持續(xù)三十年。所以用 has been dead 。

14.A It’s(high)time （是 …… 什么的時(shí)候了）的特殊用法，要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Have 在句中是擁有的意思。

15.C將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Leave for 離開一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方去， By the time 信號(hào)詞。

16.D將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。 by the end of 到 …… 時(shí)間為止，在此句中引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句為將來時(shí)間，所以是用將來時(shí)。答案 B ， D 選取哪個(gè)機(jī)器（ machines ）是被修的，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。顯然， D 為正確答案。

17.B 譯文：會(huì)議從開始到結(jié)束，將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期。本句是將來完成時(shí)的用法。到將來某時(shí)(會(huì)議結(jié)束)之前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作(last) ，所以用將來完成時(shí)。

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