2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)

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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)

將來(lái)完成時(shí)是用在表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+將來(lái)時(shí)間連用，也可與before或by the time短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。

狀態(tài)已完成：表示某事持續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。并在將來(lái)完成。

動(dòng)作完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)對(duì)動(dòng)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

shall（第一人稱(chēng)）will（第二、三人稱(chēng)）+have+過(guò)去分詞（done）。

即在以下情況下可以用將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)而不用將來(lái)完成時(shí)：

1)動(dòng)作本身就是連續(xù)的：

By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years．

到了月底他在這里居住/工作/學(xué)習(xí)就滿(mǎn)十年了。

2) 一種經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作被表示為連續(xù)的動(dòng)作：By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years．

到了這個(gè)月底他馴馬/登山就滿(mǎn) 20年了。

但是如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目，或用任何方式把動(dòng)作分割為一次又一次的動(dòng)作，就必須用將來(lái)完成時(shí)：

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains．

到本月底，他馴服的馬就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。

將來(lái)完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)的例句

a. 狀態(tài)已完成：表示某事持續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。并在將來(lái)完成。

b. 動(dòng)作已完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)對(duì)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的影響。

例：a：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們倆結(jié)婚就滿(mǎn)20年了。

b: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你就到上海了。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法

1.表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作，并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。

例：{1}Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then.

早上8點(diǎn)鐘你來(lái)接我，到時(shí)我已經(jīng)吃完早飯了。

{2}We shall（will） have learned 12 units by the end of this term.

到這個(gè)學(xué)期末，我們將學(xué)完12個(gè)單元。

{3}By the time you get home， I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。

2.表示推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于"must have done"結(jié)構(gòu)。

例：{1}You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事了。

{2}I am sure that he will have got the information. 我相信他一定會(huì)得到這個(gè)信息。

3.表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)人所提及的時(shí)間。

例：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿(mǎn)1年了。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)的重要考點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by + 將來(lái)時(shí)間 ，如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導(dǎo)的從句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.

By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)完成的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“過(guò)去”某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“過(guò)去”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則以將來(lái)時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“將來(lái)”某一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“將來(lái)”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài)。如：

He has finished writing his novel. 他已寫(xiě)完了他的小說(shuō)。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就寫(xiě)完他的小說(shuō)。

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就會(huì)寫(xiě)完他的小說(shuō)了。

與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)一樣，在表示時(shí)間或者條件的狀語(yǔ)從句，通常要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)，而不能直接使用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。如：

I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。

若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(且不致于引起歧義)，有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)的練習(xí)題

練習(xí)題

1. By the summer, Elizabeth______ here for ten years .

A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked

2. I. hope you______ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow

A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten .

3. No sooner_______ than the accident happened.

A. he had gone B. had he gone C. his going D. he went

4. Hardly______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A. they had got to the bus stop B. had they got to the bus stop

C. did they get to the bus stop D. they got to the bus stop

5. Mother doesn't know much time I have spent in watching TV; if she ever found out ,I'm sure_______.

A. she'd never forgive me B. she never forgive me

C. she'll never forgive me D. she does never forgive me

6. As soon as he______ his error, Rockfeller made the necessary corrections to his data collected.

A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. had discovered

7. I _______meeting you ever since we parted.

A. was looking forward to B. have been looking forward to

C. had been looking forward to D. looked forward to

8． Where have you been What _____

A. did you do B. have you been doing C. have made D. were you doing

9. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she _____.

A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated

10. When you come tonight at eight o’clock, I _____ eight lessons.

A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing

11. “Are Alice and Tom still living in New York” “No, they _____ to Dallas.”

A. are just moved B. have just moved C. had just moved D. will just move

12. I haven’t heard from Maria_____.

A. since a long time B. for many months ago

C. for many months D. since many months before

13. His grandfather ______ for thirty years.

A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died

14． Its (high) time you _____ a holiday.

A. had B. have C. will have D. have had

15. By the time Juan gets home, his aunt _____ for Puerto Rico.

A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left

16. All the machines ____ by the end of the following week.

A. were repaired B. will be repaired C. have been repaired D will have been repaired

17. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)的答案

答案

1.C 將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。 By 指：到什么時(shí)間為止。

2.D 將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。 tomorrow 表示將來(lái)， get the instructions （指令，指示）這個(gè)動(dòng)作在我回來(lái)之前已經(jīng)完成。

3.B “no sooner……than……”( 剛 …… 就 ……) ，在 no sooner 這部分應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)， than 后面用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 A ， B 都是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，怎么選擇 No sooner 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒裝語(yǔ)序，所以選 B 。

4.B hardly……when……( 一 …… 就 ……) ， hardly 后應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)， when 后面用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 hardly 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒裝語(yǔ)序，所以選 B 。

5.A 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 Forgive 原諒， She’d 相當(dāng)于： she would. 媽媽不知道我看電視花費(fèi)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如果她知道的話(huà)，我相信她將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒我。

6.D 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在糾正數(shù)據(jù)那個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，而改正數(shù)據(jù)的動(dòng)作用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以，發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 error 錯(cuò)誤。 correction 改正，是名詞。 data 數(shù)據(jù)。

7.B 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。表示渴望見(jiàn)你這個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在以至于將來(lái)。 look forward to 渴望，想要 …… 。 ever since 自從 …… 。

8.B 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。通過(guò)上下句來(lái)識(shí)別時(shí)態(tài)。

9.D 將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。 by the end of next summer 為信號(hào)詞。

10.C 將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Review 溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)。

11.B 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候，他已搬走。

12.C 我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)月沒(méi)有 Maria 的消息了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)， for 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

13.C 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。他的祖父已經(jīng)去世三十年了。這里死亡表示一種狀態(tài)，而不能理解為一種動(dòng)作，因?yàn)樗劳鍪且粋€(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞，它不可能持續(xù)三十年。所以用 has been dead 。

14.A It’s(high)time （是 …… 什么的時(shí)候了）的特殊用法，要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Have 在句中是擁有的意思。

15.C將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Leave for 離開(kāi)一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方去， By the time 信號(hào)詞。

16.D將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。 by the end of 到 …… 時(shí)間為止，在此句中引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為將來(lái)時(shí)間，所以是用將來(lái)時(shí)。答案 B ， D 選取哪個(gè)機(jī)器（ machines ）是被修的，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。顯然， D 為正確答案。

17.B 譯文：會(huì)議從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束，將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期。本句是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法。到將來(lái)某時(shí)(會(huì)議結(jié)束)之前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作(last) ，所以用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。

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