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▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
現(xiàn)在分詞(present participle)(又稱-ing形式,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式,動名詞) ,是分詞的一種,分詞又分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,它們都是非限定動詞,現(xiàn)在分詞在句子里面不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,但能充當(dāng)其它的一些成分(定語,表語,補(bǔ)語,狀語),并且它們具有動詞的性質(zhì),所以又是類動詞的一種。一般式:doing; 一般被動式:being done; 完成式:having done; 完成被動式:having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括獨(dú)立主格形式。
現(xiàn)在分詞在英語這一科目中,也是比較重要的一部分,具有雙重性,一面具有動詞的特征,可以有自己的賓語和狀語;另一面具有形容詞和副詞的特征,可以充當(dāng)表語,定語,狀語,補(bǔ)足語,可以表示主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作,是非謂語動詞的一種。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示其動作在謂語動詞的動作之前完成。
Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作業(yè)后,這個(gè)小女孩開始看電視。
Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
因?yàn)樵诒本┳×硕嗄辏ㄌ貙@個(gè)城市很熟悉。被動式
現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表示其邏輯主語為現(xiàn)在分詞動作的承受者。
(1) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動式。如:
The building being built is our library.
正在建的那棟樓是我們的圖書館。
The question being discussed is of great importance.
正在討論的問題非常重要。
(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式。如:
Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.
老師警告他們之后,學(xué)生們不再犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。
Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it.
(人家)已經(jīng)告訴他多少次了,他還是不知道怎么做。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
現(xiàn)在分詞完成式與一般式的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式有時(shí)也可表示先于謂語的動作,它現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的區(qū)別是:現(xiàn)在分詞一般式所表示的動作雖然可以先于謂語動作,但兩者之間沒有時(shí)間間隔,而現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式所表示先于謂語的動作則與謂語動作有一定的時(shí)間間隔。如:
Locking the door, he went out. 鎖好門之后,他就出去了。
Having invited him here to speak,we’d better go to his lecture. 既然我們請了他來作報(bào)告,我們最好去聽一下。
有時(shí)即使是分詞動作與謂語動作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,但如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作的完成性,也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式:
Having bought our tickets,we went into the theatre. 我們買好票后就走進(jìn)劇場。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不用作定語。如:
誤:Do you know anyone having lost a cat 你知道有誰丟了一只貓嗎
誤:I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗戶的人談?wù)劇?/p>
若將以上現(xiàn)分詞的完成式改為一般式也不可以(因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語時(shí)通常只表示與謂語動作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的動作,而不能先于謂語動作而發(fā)生):
誤:I want to talk to the person breaking the window.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
Exercise: 用現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語改寫下列句子
1.Lily got up in the morning. She telephone the hospital to make an appointment.
2.While he was waiting for the bus in the street, he saw an accident.
3. Although Peter has never been to Beijing, he knew a lot about it.
4.After mother had finished washing the dishes, she went on to watch TV.
5.It rained heavily. So it caused flooding in that area.
6.Because he was so surprised, he couldn’t speak a word.
7.Because the boy didn’t know what to do, he telephoned his classmate.
8.If you practise speaking English every day, you will improve your spoken English.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
Exercise: 用從句改寫下列分詞或分詞短語。
1. On seeing her mother, Debbie jumped with joy.
2. While Listening to the radio, he fell asleep.
3. When talking with his father , he made his father very angry.
4. Having eaten supper, they went out for a walk. Exercise: Multiple choice.
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):"To"-不定式
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):動詞不定式的完成進(jìn)行式
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞-ing
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):動詞不定式
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